SYSTEM SAFETY

SYSTEM SAFETY 

Oleh : Bayu Nurwinanto

What is System Safety ?

System safety has two primary characteristics : (1) it is a doctrine of management practice that mandates the hazards be found and risks controlled; and (2) it is a collection of analytical approaches with which to practice the doctrine. System are analyzed to identify their hazards and those hazard  are assessed as to their risks for a single reason: to support management dicision-making. Management must decide what is to done, by whom, by when, and at what cost.

Management decision-making must balance the intersts of all stakeholders: employees at all level of the company, costomers, suppliers, the public, and the stockholders. Management decision-making must also support the multple goals of the enterprise and protect all of its resources: human, equipment, facility, product quality, inventory, production capability, financial, market position and reputation.

The practice of system safety has both art and sciece aspects. for example, no closed-form solutions are available even to its most fundamental process-the of hazard discovery. Mechanical engineering, in contrast, is a science-based discipline whose fundamental principles rest solely on the physical laws of nature and on applying those laws to the solution of practical problems.

Comparison of System and The Traditional Approach to Safety

System safety looks at a broader range of losses than is typically considered by the traditional industri safety practitioner. it allows the analyst (and management) to gauge the impact of various hazards on potential "targets" or resources," including workers, the publik, product quality, productivity, environmental, facilities, and equipment.

Sytem safety relies on analysis, and not solely on past experience and standard. When designing a new product, no informantion may be available concerning previous mishaps; a review of history will have little value to the designer. As standard writing is a slow process relative to the development of new technology, a search for-and review of relevant standards may not uncover all of the potential hazard posed by the new technology.

Comparison of System Safety and Reliability Engineering

System safety is broader than reliability. Reliability asks the question, "Does the component or system continue to meet its specification, and for how long?" System safety asks the broader question," Was the specification correct, and what happens if the component meets (or doesn't meet) the specification?" Reliability focuses on the failure that all failures do not necessarily cause hazard. System safety also analyzes the interaction among the components in a system and between the system and its enviromental, including human operators.

Organization of The Module

The basis for system safety analysis is two-fold: recognizing system limits and risk. The next lesson begins with a definition of risk and the options of managing risk to an acceptable level. the later lessons present system safety analysis tools that can be used to identify hazard and their associated risk. The techniques can be classified info two group: those that rely on a hazard inventory approach, and those that employ symbolic logic to produce a conceptual model of system behavior. Some authors think of inventory techniques as inductive and the modeling techniques as deductive. May techniques described in the literature are simply derivatives of other. techniques tend to be complementary.